El Nino Essay -- essays research papers

El Nino     Typically, the level of nautical water around the world is higher in the westerlyern pacific and lower in the eastern, near the Western coast of South and spousal relationship America. This is due primarily to the presence of easterly winds in thePacific, which drag the outdoors water westward and raise the thermoclinerelatively all the way up to the come along in the east and dampen it in the west.During El Nino conditions, however, the easterlies motility east, reducing thecontinuing interaction between wind and sea, allowing the thermocline to become almost flat and to plunge several feet below the surface of the water, allowingthe water to heighten unattackable and expand. With the help of the National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administrations weather satellites, bring in shifting patterns ofsea-surface temperatures can be made easier. Normally, a "pool" of warm water inthe western Pacific amniotic fluid exists. Under El Nino condit ions, this "pool" driftssoutheast towards the coast of South America. This is because, in a normal year,there is upwelling on the western South American coastline, and cold waters ofthe Pacific rise and push westward. However, during an El Nino year, upwellingis suppressed and as a result, the thermocline is lower than normal. Finally,thermocline rises in the west, making upwelling easier and water colder. Airpressures at sea level in the South Pacific seesaw back and forrard between twodistinct patterns. In the high index phase, overly called "Southern Oscillation",pressure is higher near and to the east of Tahiti than farther to the west nearDarwin. The east-west pressure difference along the equator causes the surface furrow to flow westward. When the atmosphere switches into the low index phase,barometers rise in the west and fall in the east, signaling a reduction, or evena reversal the pressure difference between Darwin and Tahiti. The flattening ofthe sees aw causes the easterly surface winds to weaken and retreat eastward.The "low index" phase is usually come with by El Nino conditions.     The easterly winds along the equator and the southeasternly winds thatblow along the Peru and Ecuador coasts twain tend to drag the surface water alongwith them. The Earths rotation past deflects the resulting surface currentstoward the right (northward) in the... ...rface water. In thepresence of sunlight, phytoplankton can get out chlorophyll, a tiny green plantsubstance. In turn, this substance feeds zooplankton, which in turn feeds highermembers of the nutrition chain. During El Nino conditions, the water level rises inthe east and lowers in the west, forcing many changes to happen among the plantand animal life. sea birds in the east must leave their nests, abandoning theiryoung and searching for food which is not there, because the critical upwellingwhich causes the plankton and other lower members of the f ood chain to beproduced is not there. Water temperature is above normal, and tropical search aredisplaced poleward or migrate, along with the anchovy and sardines. On land,the effects produced a great amount of rainfall, making the desert lands into agrassland with lush vegetation and abundant life. Grasshoppers come, fueling salientian and bird populations, and the increase in rainfall produces lakes whichfish come to inhabit, fish that had migrated upstream during floods produced bythe rain and become several(prenominal)how trapped. In some flooded coastal cities, shrimpproduction set records. So excessively did the number of mosquito-borne malaria cases.